Fact CheckASML’s EUV Monopoly
Put together, the picture is stark. The AI economy is scaling at digital speed, but its physical foundation is scaling at the pace of handcrafted scientific instruments. A single company produces a few dozen tools a year. Each tool costs hundreds of millions. Each depends on suppliers that cannot be easily replaced. This is what a hidden monopoly looks like. Quiet, technical, and powerful enough to shape the future without ever appearing in the headlines.